Perturbation-induced droplets (PiD) for manipulating droplet structure and configuration in microfluidics

In this work, we mechanically perturb a liquid-in-liquid jet to manipulate the size and structure of the droplets formed from breakup of the jet. The induced breakup is relatively insensitive to fluctuations in the surrounding fluid flow. When the amplitude of perturbations is large and the interfacial tension of the liquid-liquid system is low, the size of the droplets can be precisely tuned by controlling the rate at which the liquid exits the tip of the dispensing nozzle through the